Modal Ekonomi Keluarga sebagai Prediktor Konstruksi Identitas Merokok dan Literasi Kesehatan Remaja Putri
Keywords:
Konstruksi Identitas, Literasi Kesehatan, Modal Ekonomi, Pencegahan MerokokAbstract
Prevalensi merokok di kalangan remaja putri telah menjadi perhatian kesehatan global, dengan interaksi kompleks antara modal ekonomi keluarga, konstruksi identitas merokok, dan literasi kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran modal ekonomi keluarga sebagai prediktor konstruksi identitas merokok dan literasi kesehatan pada remaja putri serta interaksinya dalam memprediksi perilaku merokok. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma pragmatis dengan desain metode campuran tertanam konkuren yang dilaksanakan di Kota Mamuju pada periode Mei-Desember 2024. Populasi target terdiri dari remaja putri berusia 15-19 tahun di daerah perkotaan. Komponen kuantitatif menggunakan survei berbasis sekolah dengan pengambilan sampel sistematis, sedangkan komponen kualitatif menggunakan pengambilan sampel purposif variasi maksimum untuk 21 wawancara mendalam dan 8 diskusi kelompok terfokus. Instrumen pengukuran meliputi adaptasi Literasi Kesehatan untuk Anak Usia Sekolah (HLSAC), Skala Literasi Kesehatan Spesifik Merokok, dan Skala Literasi Kesehatan Digital dengan sistem penilaian 0-100 untuk setiap dimensi. Korelasi negatif yang kuat ditemukan antara modal ekonomi dan konstruksi identitas merokok (η² = 0,288). Remaja dari keluarga berekonomi rendah memiliki rerata skor identitas merokok tertinggi (68,4 ± 12,3) dibandingkan dengan modal ekonomi tinggi (34,2 ± 9,1), dengan risiko 3,6 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengembangkan identitas pro-merokok. Modal ekonomi berkorelasi positif dengan literasi kesehatan (η² = 0,357). Literasi kesehatan secara signifikan memoderasi hubungan antara modal ekonomi dan identitas merokok (ΔR² = 0,089). Model prediksi menunjukkan kinerja yang sangat baik (AUC-ROC = 0,834, Nagelkerke R² = 0,418) dengan interaksi tiga arah yang signifikan (OR = 0,87). Modal ekonomi keluarga berfungsi sebagai prediktor kuat untuk konstruksi identitas merokok dan literasi kesehatan pada remaja putri. Literasi kesehatan berfungsi sebagai moderator protektif yang dapat mengurangi dampak negatif dari kerugian ekonomi. Temuan ini memberikan landasan berbasis bukti untuk mengembangkan strategi pengendalian tembakau yang komprehensif dan sensitif terhadap determinan sosial serta dapat berkontribusi dalam pencapaian kesetaraan hasil kesehatan.
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